In most states, governors have the power to make line-item vetoes. .inner_percentage.Libertarian { @BetoORourke is right. } .race_footer { font-style: italic; Greg Abbott has been serving as governor of Texas since 2015 and is currently running for his third term in office. display: block; padding-left: 8px; Click [show] on the table below for examples: Following the 2020 presidential election, 45.5% of Texans lived in one of the state's 18 Solid Democratic counties, which voted for the Democratic presidential candidate in every election from 2012 to 2020, and 40.1% lived in one of 223 Solid Republican counties. .census-table-race-disclaimer { .votebox-results-cell--check { On November 2, 2010, Rick Perry won re-election to the office of Governor of Texas. The table below displays the partisan composition of Texas' congressional delegation as of November 2022. RepublicanGreg Abbott. font-size: 12px; margin-right: 10px; .race_footer { background-color: #dac113; color: #aaa; In the general election, Republican Jim Pillen went on to win the gubernatorial election by a 23-point margin.. Nebraska's primary elections were held on VoterInfobyState_Toggle = true; } If you could be any fictional character, who would you want to be? max-width: 500px; Counties | border-radius: 50%; I love our natural resources and I believe in protecting them to the fullest. .race_header.libertarian { Terrorist attacks. } Beto O'Rourke is an unapologetic abortion extremist, in favor of violence toward the youngest, smallest, & most defenseless Texans. WebGovernor of Texas Democratic primary Republican primary General election Election details Filing deadline: December 13, 2021 Primary: March 1, 2022 Primary runoff: May 24, 2022 } } Source. Click here to contact our editorial staff, and click here to report an error. } .votebox { Is there a book, essay, film, or something else you would recommend to someone who wants to understand your political philosophy? View each candidates loan totals, if any, by clicking View More in the table below and learn more about this data here. padding-left: 0.25em; The results have been certified. left: 0; position: relative; } border-left: 1px solid #ddd; width: 100% border-bottom: 1px solid grey; } The table below details demographic data in Texas and compares it to the broader United States as of 2019. font-weight: 300; .panel-body { Incumbents are bolded and underlined. } What does that mean do you? } color: #6db24f; What is something that has been a struggle in your life? } background: #4c4c4c; How old were you at the time? Curtailing Foreign Influence text-align: center; .non_result_row { letter-spacing: 0.03em; If you are aware of a website that should be included, please email us. @media only screen and (min-width: 600px) { width: 65px; Abbott received a bachelor's degree in finance from the University of Texas at Austin in 1981 and a law degree from Vanderbilt University in 1984. margin-top: 1em; position: absolute; padding-right: 20px !important; ", Sources: Overall, Texas was Solid Republican, having voted for Mitt Romney (R) in 2012, Donald Trump (R) in 2016, and Donald Trump (R) in 2020. background-color: #f0a236; } The table below displays the historical trifecta status of the state. A state government trifecta refers to a situation where one party controls a state's governorship and majorities in both chambers of the state legislature. margin: 0 !important; The legacy of being one who honored his oath to the constitution and safeguarded individual rights, freedoms, and liberty. } .answers-container { The results have been certified. padding-top: 30px !important; a[aria-expanded=true] .fa-chevron-right { Keeping my company going and delivering solutions that benefit my customer. } O'Rourke won African Americans (81%-18%), Latinos (56%-42%); African American men (76%-24%); African American women (85%-13%) and Latina women (61%-37%). .census-table-widget { } .multi-survey-header p { } .census-table-section-header { } } overflow-x: auto; . [6] On July 4, 2021, West announced that he would challenge Abbott in the 2022 gubernatorial primary. Photo courtesy of the Office of the Governor. background-color: #dac113; Issues that were of utmost importance to voters, according to the polls, include immigration and border control, abortion and the state economy. Texas is one of 36 states electing their top executive officials during the 2022 midterm elections. Before the election, there were 28 Republican governors and 22 Democratic governors. .votebox_legend .non_result_row { He also carried Hays, a rapidly growing county south of Austin which contains San Marcos and Texas State University, by 54.5% - 43.7%. .percentage_number { July 23, 2022, 1:30 AM PDT. The table below displays the officeholders in Texas' top four state executive offices as of November 2022. height: auto; } $("div.vis_widget_title").click(function(){ } display: inline-block; What do you believe is the ideal relationship between the governor and state legislature? } Note: Ballotpedia reserves the right to edit Candidate Connection survey responses. Incumbents are bolded and underlined. The governor serves as a state's top executive official and is the only executive office that is elected in all 50 states. AUSTIN Freshly announced gubernatorial hopeful Beto ORourke is running six percentage points behind Gov. } Election information in Texas: Nov. 8, 2022, election. if(document.getElementsByClassName("reference").length==0) if(document.getElementById('Footnotes')!==null) document.getElementById('Footnotes').parentNode.style.display = 'none'; What's on my ballot? width: 100%; .mw-body #mw-content-text .votebox .race_header h5.votebox-header-election-type { overflow-x: scroll; This is more about being antagonistic & degrading human beings with human dignity. display: block; Republican Greg Abbott. color: #888; .answers-container { O'Rourke, despite his loss, did best in Texas's urban centers. Medical Freedom }) Texas Primary 2022 Candidates, Ballot Details and Polling Locations. --progress-bar: #f0a236; color: white; } } .results_row.winner { | Texas has not voted for a Democratic candidate for governor since Ann Richards in 1990. .question-scroll-container { } This is clearly not to inspire political change since Abbott is sending them to cities without any influence on federal law. padding-left: 0; text-align: center; The table below details filing requirements for gubernatorial candidates in Texas in the 2022 election cycle. Click here for a map with links to our coverage of all 50 states' responses to the pandemic and here for an overview of all 36 gubernatorial elections that took place in 2022. I would joyfully pay to welcome & assist migrants, instead my money is used to treat them like they are garbage or vermin released on Abbott's empathic political adversaries. Reuters' Joseph Ax and Julia Harte wrote, "Abbott is facing at least two credible Republican rivals for the first time in his tenure," referring to Huffines and West. .race_header { Democracy is at stake and Texas deserves a Governor that chooses Patriotism over Party. .answers-container { } .census-table-source { } Public Lands Commissioner margin: 8px auto; max-height: 580px; I was 8 years old and was raised in the same neighborhood where Dr King was born and preached. Greg Abbott leads Beto O'Rourke by 5 points, UH poll finds", "Hollywood star Matthew McConaughey has a double-digit lead over Gov. margin-top: 0; The following candidates ran in the Republican primary for Governor of Texas on March 1, 2022. font-size: 16px; width: 350px; While Texas Democrats hoped for Beto O'Rourke to achieve an upset over the incumbent Greg Abbott, one did not materialize. I see much common ground. font-weight: normal !important; padding-bottom: 7px; O'Rourke is attempting a return to politics after a failed 2020 presidential run and losing bid for U.S. Senate against Ted Cruz in 2018. What does that mean do you? WebThe following is a list of candidates running for office in the 2022 Texas Gubernatorial election. Once graduated and saddled with student loans, many quickly realized the jobs they were told to expect did not exist, did not pay what they once did relative to rising costs of living, insufficient to pay the loans off in a reasonable amount of time and disqualifying them from purchasing a home and investing in their homes rather than suffer from ever-increasing unaffordable rent amounts. } } complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. Abbott also did well in the suburbs of the Texas Triangle, winning Brazoria, Galveston, and Montgomery counties around Houston; Comal and Guadalupe around San Antonio; Collin, Denton, Ellis, Kaufman, Rockwall, and Tarrant in the Dallas-Fort Worth metroplex; and Williamson in Greater Austin. } I think the Governor of TExas has a lot of authority over the legislature. } Abbott won by about 10.9 points, a margin slightly larger than aggregate polling, but virtually in line with the last poll conducted. Education of the children .results_row.winner { width: 35px !important; } "I am an independent Conservative and small business owner living in North Texas, originally from the community of Humble, Texas. .race_header.libertarian { Nationwide, there were 181 Retained Pivot Counties and 25 Boomerang Pivot Counties. If he wins next year, the Republican leader will join former Gov. The following candidates ran in the Democratic primary for Governor of Texas on March 6, 2018. Abbott was first elected governor in 2014 and was re-elected in 2018. font-weight: normal !important; Abbott and Beto O'Rourke are set for an election clash after primary wins", "Southeast Texas community leader, pastor Michael Cooper announces run for governor", "Why Joy Diaz Is Challenging Beto O'Rourke in the Democratic Primary for Governor", "Your recommendation to others is worth more than a donation! } "[46] For tips on reading polls from FiveThirtyEight, click here. display: block; } What was the absentee/mail-in ballot return deadline? margin-right: 12px; margin-top: 16px; But it cannot trample the individual with a reckless rush for growth at any cost. The Dallas native says he wants to finish the wall along the country's southern border and eliminate property taxes. padding-right: 20px !important; Governor Abbott holding Texas 10th Governors Cup last year. In 1985, he co-founded Huffines Communities, a real-estate development company in the Dallas/Fort Worth area. The Bible. } How long did you have it? display: inline-block; Abbott's raw vote total was less than his 4.65 million in 2018, while O'Rourke set a record of most raw votes for a Texas Democratic gubernatorial candidate at around 3.55 million, but was also less than his 4.04 million vote total in the 2018 Senate race. Contact our sales team. chevron.removeClass('fa-chevron-down'); Turner: TEA is giving Houston ISD two optionsclose school or be taken over, Who is Justin Dirden? } .votebox-scroll-container { .non_result_row { The former El Paso congressman officially launched his campaign for governor on November 15 after months of hinting at a potential run. }, .expand-all:hover, .collapse-all:hover {cursor: pointer; text-decoration: underline;} display: block; position: relative; @media only screen and (max-width: 600px) { } The results have been certified. .votebox-results-cell--number { line-height: 1.5em; .votebox_bp_logo { } }); Candidates are asked three required questions for this survey, but they may answer additional optional questions as well. Apply today! padding-left: 16px; } margin-top: 0px; display: block; } | } font-style: italic; color: #888; display: inline; On November 5, 2002, Rick Perry won re-election to the office of Governor of Texas. height: auto; padding-right: 0.25em; Rick Perry as the only Texas governors to win three four-year terms. Additionally, Abbott had a strong approval rating on election day, with 55% of voters approving to 45% disapproving. } text-align: left !important; Beto O'Rourke stops in Amarillo for a second time ahead of the Texas governor election. .race_header.democratic { overflow-x: auto; Last year, former President Donald Trump carried Texas by more than five percentage points, despite national unpopularity and unprecedented Democratic fervor. He ran for lieutenant governor in 2018. AUSTIN, Texas Texas Lt. Gov. Booker T. Washingtons autobiography Up from Slavery. vertical-align: top; .mw-body #mw-content-text th.votebox-results-cell--text { background-color: #f9d334; It is within us, as human beings, to create and establish a legacy that will transcend our own lives. } }. .census-table-header { text-align: left !important; } However, I feel that he should also be limited in his power to direct those funds unless the state legislature grants him the privileges to do it outside of a session. } .votebox { } .votebox { } State Board of Education (15 seats) text-align: center; If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, National Federation of Independent Business - Texas, National Rifle Association of America Political Victory Fund. height: auto; By Robert T. Garrett. In his previous gubernatorial race in 2018, Abbott won with 54.8% of the vote.[2]. .race_header { .electionsectionheading { padding: 15px 15px 5px 15px; I believe in a balanced budget, finding new revenue streams such as legalized cannabis sales, expansion of horse racing and legalized gaming in Texas. Poll conducted for the Democratic Policy Institute, a non-profit organization advocating for progressive causes. .votebox-results-metadata { Ballot measures, Who represents me? My biggest struggle has simply been keeping my mouth shut about things that bother me. }) left: 0px; margin-bottom: 25px; ORourkes announcement Monday kicks off a third run for office in as many election cycles. } left: 0px; background-color: #6db24f; .results_table { The results have been certified. .mw-body #mw-content-text .votebox .race_header h3.votebox-header-office-name { padding-bottom: 5px; Here's who's actually running for Texas governor in 2022 Politics Here are the candidates vying for Texas governor in 2022 Matthew McConaughey said no to joining Incumbent Republican governor Greg Abbott won re-election to a third term, defeating Democratic nominee and former Congressman, Beto O'Rourke. In 2020, Ballotpedia re-examined the 206 Pivot Counties to view their voting patterns following that year's presidential election. I believe that the governor should have more involvement into the state budget process and allowed more input into how state funds are administered. $("div.vis_widget_title").each(function(index) { VoterInfobyState_Timeout_jquery = setTimeout(widget_load_check_jquery, 500); Greg Abbott widens lead on Beto O'Rourke in new poll", "Gov. Collectively, Trump won these Pivot Counties by more than 580,000 votes. Under what circumstances should the governor of your state be able to use emergency powers? West represented Florida's 22nd Congressional District in the U.S. House of Representatives from 2011 to 2013. } .mw-body #mw-content-text th.votebox-results-cell--text { } } margin: 0; border-radius: 0 0 7px 7px; padding-bottom: 0px; } border: 1px solid #DDDDDD; background-color: green; position: absolute; .panel-heading:hover { cursor: pointer;} } .image-candidate-thumbnail { LibertarianMark Tippets. padding-right: 62px; [38], On Oct. 27, 2021, Huffines, Prather, and West participated in a debate hosted by the Wise County Conservatives.[42]. As Governor of Texas, I will strenuously defend the sovereignty of Texas and will never support an open borders policy. background-color: #f4f4f4; z-index:1; } if (typeof $ != 'undefined') { top: 0px; padding-left: 10px; (function() { @media only screen and (min-width: 600px) { .mw-body #mw-content-text .votebox .race_header h5.votebox-header-election-type { } My name is Michael Cooper, a TEXAN. The shooting of Dr Martin Luther King Jr. Probably Abbott's most vocal primary challenger, former state Sen. Don Huffines, 63, has frequently criticized Abbott in recent years for his handling of the COVID-19 pandemic and on border security. position: relative; } He won the vast majority of counties, mostly rural, and by significantly wide margins. width: 100% !important; Ballotpedia features 395,557 encyclopedic articles written and curated by our professional staff of editors, writers, and researchers. font-size: 70%; width: 350px; } } display: inline; background-color: #D9D9D9; .results_text { } } .multi-survey-header p { Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? } Texas taxpayers have earned tax relief and insuring they are not overburdened with taxes is the most critical role of for a governor. .census-table-header { } .votebox-results-metadata-p { If you are aware of endorsements that should be included, please email us. } width: 65px; Any edits made by Ballotpedia will be clearly marked with [brackets] for the public. max-width: 75px; Below, four categories are used to describe each county's voting pattern over the 2012, 2016, and 2020 presidential elections: Solid, Trending, Battleground, and New. letter-spacing: 0.03em; border-radius: 7px 7px 0 0; .census-table-census-item { } The highest profile of the bunch is former Rep. Beto O'Rourke. } .panel-body p { My political philosophy is mainly that of the American Solidarity Party and the movement of Christian Democracy. border: 1px solid #999; .results_row td { } } position: relative; Under what circumstances should the governor of your state be able to use emergency powers? .census-table-section-header { font-style: italic; chevron.addClass('fa-chevron-down'); background-color: #6db24f; Federal and state primary competitiveness, Ballotpedia's Election Analysis Hub, 2022, Ballotpedia's Candidate Connection survey, Texas gubernatorial election, 2022 (March 1 Democratic primary), National Rifle Association Political Victory Fund. margin: 0; if (document.readyState === 'complete') { Apply today! .votebox-scroll-container { a[aria-expanded=true] .fa-chevron-right { align-items:center; "Lieutenant Colonel (Ret) Allen B. His life has been defined as one of service, sacrifice, and commitment to this Republic, the United States of America. The gubernatorial elections took place concurrently with several other federal, state, and local Economic survival is a universal problem for post-boomer generations. position: relative; padding-bottom: 5px; .race_footer { vertical-align: middle; color: #888; } | } } .indicate_scroll { The ex-Florida congressman was elected in July 2020 as chairman of the Republican Party of Texas but resigned in June to run against Abbott. Texas held an election for governor on November 8, 2022. width: 100%; Insuring that spending by government is not bloated. width: 50%; font-weight: 300; Abbott", "Congressman: "Former Congressman, Presidential Candidate Ron Paul Endorses Huffines for Governor", "Former state Rep. Matt Rinaldi wins Texas GOP chair election", "Former state Sen. Don Huffines announces he'll challenge Texas Gov. padding: 5px; .inner_percentage.Republican { } border-radius: 50%; } top: -1px; Counties | Texas had one Retained Pivot County, 0.55 percent of all Retained Pivot Counties. background-color: #dac113; Transparency USA tracks loans separately from total contributions. I'm looking to solve the problems that affect Texas. } } } For tips from Pew, click here. } Mark Tippetts defeated Fidel Castillo in the Libertarian convention for Governor of Texas on April 10, 2022. West (R) completed Ballotpedia's Candidate Connection survey. Represent All Texans With Fairness and Balance, Submitted Biography: "I am a Christian, conservative public Servant.". color: #aaa; --subtitle-background: #334aab; text-align: left !important; background-color: #6db24f; Click here to contact us for media inquiries, and please donate here to support our continued expansion. Ballotpedia does not edit or correct typographical errors unless the candidate's campaign requests it. The Texas gubernatorial election will be held on Nov. 8, 2022. For the latest and best from Chron, sign up for our daily newsletter here. When you buy through links on our site, we may earn an affiliate commission. .votebox_bp_logo { margin-bottom: 4px; } border-bottom: 1px solid grey; ", "Biedermann Endorses Former Texas GOP Chair Allen West for Governor", "Ted Nugent calls out Greg Abbott in new ad backing primary challenger Allen West", "Texas Gov. He has also served as Texas State executives | With fall starting this week, political campaigns are ramping up for the 2022 midterm elections as Gov. Huffines was a member of the Texas Senate representing the Dallas-area District 16 from 2015 to 2019. font-size: 80%; text-align: center; pic.twitter.com/Jvd1FOOMrE. font-size: 12px; This section includes links to debates, forums, and other similar events where multiple candidates in this race participated. overflow: hidden; Petition signatures only required in lieu of filing fee. .race_header.green { Are ticket costs pricing Houston Astros fans out of Opening Day? Three years of Democratic trifectasTwenty years of Republican trifectas .percentage_number { A recent poll from the University of Texas at Austin and The Texas Tribune showed Abbott leading in a potential matchup with O'Rourke, with the support of 46 percent of voters compared to 37 percent polled who said they would vote for O'Rourke. On Feb. 14, 2022, The Bunker Bob Show released a candidate forum featuring Harrison, Huffines, and Prather. Also running in the primary were Paul Belew, Daniel Harrison, Kandy Kaye Horn, Rick Perry[9], and Chad Prather. Governors have many responsibilities, which vary from state to state. Ballotpedia defined those won by Trump won as Retained Pivot Counties and those won by Joe Biden (D) as Boomerang Pivot Counties. function widget_load_check_dom(){ It must be stopped. font-weight: 300; align-items:center; .panel-heading:hover { cursor: pointer;} State and local courts | top: -1px; Greg Abbott's reelection bid, says he believes in vaccines but opposes mandates", "Greg Abbott Loses, Then Wins, Endorsement From Texas Attorney General", "Border Patrol Council announces endorsement of Gov. 1 most stressful city for U.S. workers, To get these special tacos, drive out to the Houston Ship Channel, MLB legend makes surprise appearance at Astros' Spring Training, 'This is about profit': Houston leaders condemn HISD takeover, Oops! border-top: 1px solid #ccc; } If it were your choice, what do you believe is the appropriate degree of gubernatorial involvement with this process in your state? Join Beto's campaign: t.co/Hs6JybnADI t.co/rrHRf6KG68", "Wendy Davis talks about her movie, sexual harassment and another run for governor", "El Paso Democratic US Rep. Veronica Escobar seeks reelection in 3rd run for Congress", "Hidalgo talks possibility of running for governor, hints rollbacks tied to Abbott's approval rating", "Harris County Judge Lina Hidalgo Plans To Run For Reelection In 2022", "TX-Gov: Sen. Kirsten Gillibrand (D. NY) Helps Beto O'Rourke (D) Get Ready To Flip Texas Blue", "Hinojosa endorses O'Rourke for Governor of Texas", "Photos: Democratic candidate for Texas governor Beto O'Rourke campaigns in San Antonio", "Texas AFT endorses Beto O'Rourke for governor", "End Citizens United // Let America Vote Endorses Beto O'Rourke for Governor of Texas", "MoveOn Members Endorse Beto O'Rourke for Governor of Texas", "Texas College Democrats endorse candidates for statewide office", "Stonewall Democrats announce endorsements for March primary election", "Editorial: O'Rourke is Democrats' best bet to beat Abbott", "March 1 Democratic Primary Endorsements (No Filler)", "Opinion: Our recommendation for Texas governor, Democratic primary", "Editorial: We recommend Beto O'Rourke in Democratic primary for Governor", "A struggle to breathe and a vow: Latina former journalist wants to be next Texas governor", "Texas Gov. The history of conflict between West and Abbott included a lawsuit by West and other Republicans challenging Abbott's extension of the early voting period in 2020, as well as a protest outside the Governor's Ma Ricardo Turullols-Bonilla, retired educator and write-in candidate for, Patrick Wynne, software engineer, data scientist and, This page was last edited on 1 March 2023, at 19:11. His life has been defined as one of service, sacrifice, and commitment to this Republic, the United States of America. padding: 0.5em 1em; Ballotpedia's Candidate Connection survey responses, 2020 presidential results by 2022 congressional district lines. Who do you look up to? Source. The answer isn't as easy as you think", "National Border Patrol Council Endorses Governor Greg Abbott", "National Right to Life Endorses Greg Abbott for Texas Governor", "Americans for Prosperity Action Endorses Governor Abbott for Re-Election", "Texas Association of Realtors PAC releases endorsements", "Koch Latino campaign group endorses Abbott in Texas", "Former HUD Secretary Julin Castro Talks Future of Democratic Party at IOP Forum", "Obama calling Texas voters to support Beto O'Rourke for governor", "Texas Democrats Back Together in Dallas", "Thousands Join Beto O'Rourke, Houston Lawmakers in Abortion Rights Rally", "In the heart of the Third Ward with Congresswoman Jackson Lee, State Rep. Shawn Thierry, and local leaders on the ground who are ensuring Texas finally delivers for everyone in this community", "Mayor Turner speaks at Beto O'Rourke Rally for Abortion Rights in Discovery Green", "Matthew Broderick hosting star-studded NYC fundraiser for Beto campaign", "Hundreds show up to early voting event in Acres Homes", "Selena Gomez Endorses Beto O'Rourke for Texas Governor", "Luci Baines Johnson makes stops in Marshall to stump for Beto O'Rourke", "Country superstar Kacey Musgraves brings out, endorses Beto O'Rourke during Austin City Limits", "Coach Popovich joins Democrats on gun control, says Abbott, Republicans 'haven't done crap', "Gwyneth Paltrow Joins George Soros in Backing Beto O'Rourke in Texas", "Soros Backs O'Rourke's Bid for Texas Governor With $1 Million", "Beto O'Rourke shows up for endorsement from the Chicks at Houston concert", "Try Guys star hosts Beto O'Rourke fundraiser in San Antonio", "Willie Nelson endorses Beto O'Rourke at Austin campaign rally", "Harry Styles Endorses Beto O'Rourke During Texas Concert", "LIN-MANUEL MIRANDA RALLIES WITH BETO AND GARZA IN HOUSTON", "Garcia: Lionel Sosa strikes out against his old party in ad for Beto O'Rourke", "Kerry Washington Explains Why She Chooses to Talk About Politics as an Actor", "Paramore's Hayley Williams encourages fans to vote for Beto O'Rourke on TikTok", "Beto O'Rourke's Ratings and Endorsements", "Human Rights Campaign Endorses Beto O'Rourke For Texas Governor", "Giffords PAC Endorses Beto O'Rourke for Governor", "NARAL Pro-Choice America Endorses Beto O'Rourke for Texas Governor", "VETERANS GROUP ENDORSES BETO O'ROURKE FOR GOVERNOR", "JOLT ENDORSES STATEWIDE CANDIDATES FOR OFFICE", "Statesman Editorial Board endorsements in the November 2022 election", "2022 Gubernatorial General Election Results", "2020 Presidential General Election Results - Texas", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2022_Texas_gubernatorial_election&oldid=1142318776, Articles lacking reliable references from February 2022, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Articles with failed verification from October 2021, Articles lacking reliable references from March 2022, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Ricky Lynn Perry, staffing agency employee, Combined Law Enforcement Associations of Texas, Dan Behrman, software engineer, internet personality, candidate for.

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