The two went hand in hand and produced individuals who both exploited the natives and truly wanted to help them. The Impact of Portuguese Exploration Portugal's explorers changed Europeans' understanding of the world in several ways. This two-volume book (1605 and 1618) told a colorful tale of an hidalgo (gentleman) who reads so many tales of chivalry and knighthood that he becomes unable to tell reality from fiction. These countries, therefore, represent two distinct, but key goals of New World exploration that became the basic pattern for the history of the Atlantic World. Those who resisted were punished by a system called encomienda, in which natives were assigned to settlers through land grants as part of a deal. AP European History: The Age of Expansion, The Market Economy in 17th Century Europe, Psychological Research & Experimental Design, All Teacher Certification Test Prep Courses, The Age of Discovery and the Conquistadors, AP European History: Overview of the Renaissance, AP European History: Renaissance Philosophy, Art & Literature, AP European History: Reformation Roots & Teachings, AP European History: The Reformation's Effects Across Europe, The Old World and New World: Why Europeans Sailed to the Americas, Portuguese and Spanish Empires: Growth in the New World & Asia, The Columbian Exchange, Global Trade & Mercantilism, Triangular Trade: Route, System & Role in Slavery, The Commercial Revolution: Economic Impact of Exploration and Colonization on Europe, Spreading Religion in the Age of Exploration, AP European History: The Rise of Monarchical Nation States, AP European History: English History (1450-1700), AP European History: The Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment, AP European History: The French Revolution, AP European History: The Napoleonic Empire, AP European History: 19th Century Revolutionary Movements, AP European History: The First Industrial Revolution, AP European History: Unifications of Nation States in the 19th Century, AP European History: Russia After World War I, AP European History: Integration: Europe after the Soviet Union, Developing and Writing Your AP Exam Essay, History 106: The Civil War and Reconstruction, AP European History: Homework Help Resource, ILTS Social Science - History (246): Test Practice and Study Guide, GED Social Studies: Civics & Government, US History, Economics, Geography & World, High School US History: Homework Help Resource, High School US History: Tutoring Solution, Roman God Pluto of the Underworld: Facts & Overview, Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite's Mystical Theology, Working Scholars Bringing Tuition-Free College to the Community, Recognize the exploration of the Portuguese and Spanish Empires, Identify the African and Brazilian expansion by Portugal, Describe the Spanish conquerors and conquest of South and Central America. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. In the 15th century the Portuguese started exploring new lands. This venture drew them further out, especially with Prince Henry the Navigator's patronage of exploration which opened the possibilities of finding a route to the Far East by sea. Portuguese traders soon began to settle around the fort and established the town of Elmina. More than a dozen veterans shared their concerns with U.S. Secretary of Veterans Affairs Denis McDonough and U.S. Rep. Mary Peltola. Francisco Pizarro subdued the Incas of Peru in 1533. The resulting Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494 drew a north-to-south line through South America ([link]); Spain gained territory west of the line, while Portugal retained the lands east of the line, including the east coast of Brazil. Such problems only created possibilities for new solutions as European colonies and trade cropped up around the world. All lands to the west of the line, identified as the Line of Demarcation, would be Spains. The money flowed freely, but they still hoped to find a way to the East. The Spanish started the trade of potatoes, pineapples, turkey, dahlias, sunflowers, magnolia, maize, chillies and chocolate across the Atlantic. I would definitely recommend Study.com to my colleagues. In the BFA programs, students receive practical training through the progression of hands-on projects that increase in complexity. When this lesson is over, you should be able to: To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. The Spanish brought Western ideals to the Americas, including economic and religious systems. Source for information on Spanish Exploration and Colonization: Science and Its Times: Understanding the Social Significance of Scientific Discovery . Baker Hughes (NYSE: BKR) is a leading energy technology company that design, manufacture and service transformative technologies to help take energy forward. They understood that the Portuguese would soon reach Asia and, in this competitive race to reach the Far East, the Spanish rulers decided to act. Vasco de Gamas exploits successfully established a spice trade between Europe and India. Explore the collection at The Cervantes Project for images, complete texts, and other resources relating to Cervantess works. There was plenty of room to spread out, interesting cultures and landscapes to explore, natives to Christianize, and even better, economic opportunities galore, including new sources of gold and silver. They accomplished this through a combination of military strength and strategic alliances with native peoples. As they died, new workers were needed. He participated in successful expeditions in Panama before following rumors of Inca wealth to the south. It didn't take long for other Spaniards to realize that Columbus had stumbled upon something completely new, and they decided to stay. answer choices. What was the positive impact of Portuguese exploration? The overland routes involved terrain that was unforgiving and dangerous, and merchants couldn't trust that they would always be safe. What was the effect of Spanish and Portuguese exploration? The Spanish quickly set out to explore, conquer, and colonize, which was bad news for the Amerindians who got in their way as they launched their empire. In 1492, they completed the Reconquista: the centuries-long Christian conquest of the Iberian Peninsula. Posted on . Vasco de Balboa 1513- goal was to find gold and a new sea. What was the effect of Spanish and Portuguese exploration? Spanish rulers Ferdinand and Isabella promoted the acquisition of these new lands in order to strengthen and glorify their own empire. Velzquez painted himself into this imposingly large royal portrait (hes shown holding his brush and easel on the left) and boldly placed the viewer where the king and queen would stand in the scene ([link]). Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams. Probanzas de mritos were reports and letters written by Spaniards in the New World to the Spanish crown, designed to win royal patronage. The natives quickly became the bulk of the workforce and were horribly abused despite Isabel's orders to the contrary. (1531) The Portuguese also traded these slaves, introducing much-needed human capital to other European nations. Then, when they found Amerindians, they wanted to colonize and convert them, as well as have access to their gold. The only arms they have are sticks of cane, cut when in seed, with a sharpened stick at the end, and they are afraid to use these. The English Empire, 16601763, Imperial Reforms and Colonial Protests, 1763-1774, America's War for Independence, 1775-1783, Creating Republican Governments, 17761790, Growing Pains: The New Republic, 17901820, Industrial Transformation in the North, 18001850, A Nation on the Move: Westward Expansion, 18001860, Cotton is King: The Antebellum South, 18001860, Antebellum Idealism and Reform Impulses, 18201860, Go West Young Man! Many other Europeans followed in Columbuss footsteps, drawn by dreams of winning wealth by sailing west. Portugal discovered new lands, new sea routes and made better maps of the world. After Christopher Columbus bumped into the New World in 1492, a string of explorers and conquistadors set about claiming territory for Spain. Portugal explored because they needed spices and jewels and they wanted to conquer lands. They were far more interested in trade, and before long, they had carried millions of Africans away from their homes as slaves. Although Europeans continued to trade with the east, especially the seagoing Venetians, the venture was expensive and unsanctioned by the Catholic Church, which forbade Christian trade with Muslim empires. Map showing the routes to the Far East. The process where the Spanish and Portuguese Christians reclaim the Iberian Peninsula is called the Reconquista. Ecuador and Columbia fell to Spain later in the 1530s, and Chile succumbed in the 1540s. Nearly everybody remembers that 'In fourteen hundred ninety-two Columbus sailed the ocean blue,' and indeed, Christopher Columbus, sponsored by Spain, did make his first voyage in 1492 and bumped into a completely new continent on his way to the Far East. Portugal imported armor and munitions, fine clothes, and several manufactured products from Flanders and Italy. It was able to amplify the power of Undead army by several magnitudes. All of these items are still traded across the Atlantic today to places all over the world. The Spanish monarchs knew that Portuguese mariners had reached the southern tip of Africa and sailed the Indian Ocean. In the 15th century, Spanish ships travelled all around the World carrying plants, animals, people, and goods. In the 1500s they had ships called Spanish Galleons that . Spanish Exploration Birth of the USA American Constitution American Independence War Causes of the American Revolution Democratic Republican Party General Thomas Gage biography Intolerable Acts Loyalists Powers of the President Quebec Act Seven Years' War Stamp Act Tea Party Cold War Battle of Dien Bien Phu Brezhnev Doctrine Brezhnev Era The magnetic compass was a compass that had a magnetized needle supporting a magnetic card. The trees, fruits and grasses differ widely from those in Juana. Which country established the first colonies in the Americas? While disease killed populations. This split desire for wealth and religious conversion was the complicated reason why Spain explored the New World. I feel like its a lifeline. When expanded it provides a list of search options that will switch the search inputs to match the current selection. The effect of the Thrash's set items were huge. The Impact of Portuguese Exploration Portugals explorers changed Europeans understanding of the world in several ways. When the Immortal had Thrash's set, the Dimensional lords had no choice, but to give up a huge part of Alphen to the Immortal's army. All those he petitionedincluding Ferdinand and Isabella at firstrebuffed him; their nautical experts all concurred that Columbuss estimates of the width of the Atlantic Ocean were far too low. In addition to navigation, what purpose would such a map have served? From the beginning of the Aztec conquest, a collection of Franciscan friars had come to convert the natives. By . Great Explorers of Spain and Portugal: Aims & Discoveries, Radical Reformation Origins & Beliefs | Anabaptists & Antitrinitarians. In 1519, he entered Tenochtitln, the capital of the Aztec (Mexica) Empire. Since the 700s, much of Spain had been under Islamic rule, and King Ferdinand II and Queen Isabella I, arch-defenders of the Catholic Church against Islam, were determined to defeat the Muslims in Granada, the last Islamic stronghold in Spain. Her specialties include early modern European history, gender history, and music history. Portuguese explorers were able to discover and conquer new worlds. This colonial enterprise was driven by a search for African gold, Asian spices, and Christian kingdoms in the east. Effects of Spanish Rule in North and South America: 1. Motivated by curiosity, a desire to expand into new places, a longing to spread Christianity, and especially, a hope to tap into the lucrative Far East trade, Europeans of the 15th and 16th centuries looked outward and began to explore their world. The Spanish monarchs knew that Portuguese mariners had reached the southern tip of Africa and sailed the Indian Ocean. By the end of this section, you will be able to: Portuguese colonization of Atlantic islands in the 1400s inaugurated an era of aggressive European expansion across the Atlantic. One group in particular, the Tlaxcalan, threw their lot in with the Spanish, providing as many as 200,000 fighters in the siege of Tenochtitln. a long period of peace and prosperity for the nations of western Europe. They also found a sea route to India. This material (including graphics) can freely be used for educational purposes such as classroom presentations in universities and colleges. The Portuguese also traded these slaves, introducing much-needed human capital to other European nations. How did Exploration impact the world? It began with the Vikings' brief stint . By this and other means, native people helped shape the conquest of the Americas. As Spains empire expanded and riches flowed in from the Americas, the Spanish experienced a golden age of art and literature. Spanish . Often I have sent two or three men ashore to some town to converse with them, and the natives came out in great numbers, and as soon as they saw our men arrive, fled without a moments delay although I protected them from all injury. The Spanish explorers hoped to find cities of gold, so they made their discoveries sound as wonderful as possible in these letters to convince the Spanish crown to fund more voyages. Lasting effects of Spanish conquest in Latin America included the decimation of native populations and suppression of their languages, histories and cultures. Merchants then used these Atlantic outposts as debarkation points for subsequent journeys. The results of the study allowed us to discover the characteristics of the contents which have an effect on informal learning, favoring the child's creativity and the development of abilities and. Today they highlight the difficult task of historical work; while the letters are primary sources, historians need to understand the context and the culture in which the conquistadors, as the Spanish adventurers came to be called, wrote them and distinguish their bias and subjective nature. Westward Expansion, 1840-1900, Industrialization and the Rise of Big Business, 1870-1900, The Growing Pains of Urbanization, 1870-1900, Leading the Way: The Progressive Movement, 1890-1920, Age of Empire: American Foreign Policy, 1890-1914, The Jazz Age: Redefining the Nation, 1919-1929, Brother, Can You Spare a Dime? The Spanish monarchs knew that Portuguese mariners had reached the southern tip of Africa and sailed the Indian Ocean. This 1502 map, known as the Cantino World Map, depicts the cartographers interpretation of the world in light of recent discoveries. In the following years, as European exploration spread, slavery spread as well. The Spanish were also the first in the New World. The voyages of Columbus. Smarting from their defeat at the hands of the Aztec, Corts slowly created alliances with native peoples who resented Aztec rule. They also had different strategies that helped them make progress through their travels of the ocean. The Portuguese expanded in wealth and founded the international slave trade, an institution whose ramifications would haunt Atlantic history until the nineteenth century. Between 1540 and 1542, Coronado led a large expedition of Spaniards and native allies to the lands north of Mexico City, and for the next several years, they explored the area that is now the southwestern United States ([link]). Spain also grew increasingly wealthy, but the influx of gold and silver currency eventually caused serious problems leading Charles V to declare bankruptcy and spread inflation throughout Europe. The Impact of Portuguese Exploration Portugal's explorers changed Europeans' understanding of the world in several ways. Conquistadores Claim Land and Treasure (1500s) Hernando Cortes and Francisco Pizarro took over lots of land from Native Americans in South America and North America. Learn key differences in what each country focused on when colonizing. With the Reconquista complete and Spain a unified country, Ferdinand and Isabella could turn their attention to overseas exploration. What are the effects of Spain exploration? Hernando Corts was part of the generation of Spanish colonizers that began the first phase of the Spanish colonization of the Americas. Under the leadership of Prince Henry the Navigator, Portugal took the principal role during most of the fifteenth century in searching for a route to Asia by sailing south around Africa. On October 12, 1492, however, he made landfall on an island in the Bahamas. . They explored the coasts of Africa and brought back gold and slaves. Such endeavors were accomplished by the conquistadors Hernan Cortes and Francisco Pizarro, who subdued the Aztec and Incan Empires in 1521 and 1533. The world was opening up, and people were realizing how big it really was. A. Africans found a sea route around the world. What impact did the Portuguese have on exploration? In this context, the Portuguese and the Spanish became the first countries to explore the Atlantic consistently, finding routes around Africa to the East and new continents untouched by European expansion. Spices, fabrics, and other luxuries flowed into Portugal and out to other European countries, and the Portuguese treasury swelled. 5 What was Portugals role in the age of discovery? Thus the goals of the Spanish conquest were quite different from the Portuguese. The Spanish also brought smallpox into the valley of Mexico. [3] During the Spanish colonial era, ships frequently transported mercury across the Atlantic to the New World to be used in gold mining. Unlike Columbus, he realized that the Americas were not part of Asia but lands unknown to Europeans. They are most beautiful, of a thousand varied forms, accessible, and full of trees of endless varieties, so high that they seem to touch the sky, and I have been told that they never lose their foliage. 4 What are the long lasting effects of Spanish Exploration today? In 1492, Granada, the last Muslim stronghold on the Iberian Peninsula, had fallen to the forces of the Spanish monarchs. Millions of Amerindians died by violence and disease as the Spanish marched through their lands, and even the very face of the land changed as the explorers and settlers brought new livestock, weeds, and germs to the New World. In this context, evaluating mercury contamination in coastal sediments and mercury magnification in marine food webs is crucial for . It also established trading posts in China and Japan. Its like a teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me. They traded up the Zambezi river and interfered with the existing inland African trade. Inspired by tales of rivers of gold and timid, malleable natives, later Spanish explorers were relentless in their quest for land and gold. With his faithful sidekick Sancho Panza, Don Quixote leaves reality behind and sets out to revive chivalry by doing battle with what he perceives as the enemies of Spain. At the heart of the Spanish exploration, was the desire to gain access to the spice and silk routes to increase their power and . 201-202. The realization that the Amerindians in New Spain had large quantities of gold made mining the primary aim of many who came to the New World. Bartholomew Dias found the Cape of Good Hope, while his successor Vasco de Gama made it to India, where he realized Portuguese dreams of having a direct spice trade link and allowed the Portuguese to dominate the trade. As many of those eventually sank, shipwrecks may represent a local source of mercury contamination in the marine environment. What impact did the Portuguese and Spanish explorers have on Europe? It has many ports along the sea-coast excelling any in Christendomand many fine, large, flowing rivers. The Portuguese replaced Arab control of the trade in ivory, gold and slaves with their own. Back to Table of Contents. Key Explorers The key figure in early Portuguese exploration was Prince Henry, the son of King John I. Nicknamed "the Navigator," Henry was not an explorer himself. An error occurred trying to load this video. The explorers also gained new foods like corn and pineapple. 1015 Words. Portuguese sailors continued to make important discoveries in this new arena as well. the fall of European national monarchies and the end of the power of the Catholic Church. A fortified trading post, it had mounted cannons facing out to sea, not inland toward continental Africa; the Portuguese had greater fear of a naval attack from other Europeans than of a land attack from Africans. The dungeon of the fort now served as a holding pen for African slaves from the interior of the continent, while on the upper floors Portuguese traders ate, slept, and prayed in a chapel. (1521) Pizarro took land from the Incas in what is today Peru. Spain and Portugal were considered to be the major exponents of 'The Age of Discovery', stretching from the early 15 th century to mid-17 th century. As a devoted Catholic, Columbus had agreed with Ferdinand and Isabella prior to sailing west that part of the expected wealth from his voyage would be used to continue the fight against Islam. The motives for Spanish exploration was to find Northwest Passage, which they believed was a direct and efficient route to the Orient home of spices, silks and wealth. On June 7, 1494, the governments of Spain and Portugal agreed to the Treaty of Tordesillas, named for the city in Spain in which it was created.The Treaty of Tordesillas neatly divided the " New World " of the Americas between the two superpowers. This era began in the late 1400's and lasted through the 1700's. It is responsible for influencing European culture, initiating globalization, and introducing colonialism around the world. During the fifteenth century, Spain hoped to gain advantage over its rival, Portugal. In the 1540s, Francisco Vsquez de Coronado crossed the Rio Grande and traveled up the Colorado River. Although traditional warfare continued to be a major tool for political control, European countries also grew concerned with gaining economic superiority over their neighbors, their main tool being international trade. The Portuguese had the best and most up-to-date navigational tools as well. Discover the motivations & goals of Spanish & Portuguese exploration of the New World & Asia. Fighting on horseback gave the Spanish explorers an advantage over the Native American populations, who fought on foot. The Portuguese built an empire from 1420 onwards that was largely composed of trade centres dotted around the coasts of three continents. The story of North American exploration spans an entire millennium and involves a wide array of European powers and uniquely American characters. Any other uses, such as conference presentations, commercial training progams, news web sites or consulting reports, are FORBIDDEN. Europeans wanted to find their own trade routes and cut out the middle men, and with their better ships, maps, and navigational tools, they finally had the technology to do it. The local Amerindian population were enslaved by the Spanish, and forced to work. This sixteenth-century map shows the island of Hispaniola (present-day Haiti and Dominican Republic). He also started a school The Impact of Portuguese Exploration Portugal's explorers changed Europeans' understanding of the world in several ways. In 1418, the Portuguese came upon the Madeira Islands and established a colony at Porto Santo. What does it reveal about the state of geographical knowledge, as well as European perceptions of the New World, at the beginning of the sixteenth century? A major result of the European Age of Exploration was. Spains acquisitiveness seemingly knew no bounds as groups of its explorers searched for the next trove of instant riches. lessons in math, English, science, history, and more. Portugal got richer because of the Indian trade. Seeking to ensure that Columbuss finds would remain Spanish, Spains monarchs turned to the Spanish-born Pope Alexander VI, who issued two papal decrees in 1493 that gave legitimacy to Spains Atlantic claims at the expense of Portugal. Hispaniola is a marvel. These lands comprised most of the Americas. Spanish and Portuguese explorations expanded the understanding of the world and the diversity of its people for future centuries. Portuguese mariners built an Atlantic empire by colonizing the Canary, Cape Verde, and Azores Islands, as well as the island of Madeira. Upon Columbuss return to Spain, the Spanish crown bestowed on him the title of Admiral of the Ocean Sea and named him governor and viceroy of the lands he had discovered. Believing he had landed in the East Indies, Columbus called the native Tanos he found there Indios, giving rise to the term Indian for any native people of the New World. The Spanish monarchs knew that Portuguese mariners had reached the southern tip of Africa and sailed the Indian Ocean. Ten years later, Francisco Pizarro traveled to Peru where he subsequently conquered the Incan Empire situated in the Andes Mountains. Negative and Positive Impact of Portuguese Exploration by Seb. The Portuguese continued to focus on building trade networks and establishing a trading post empire without heavy colonization in direct contrast to the Spanish. The Spanish established the first European settlements in the Americas, beginning in the Caribbean and, by 1600, extending throughout Central and South America. After taking Cuba in 1511, the Spanish continued traveling further into the territory with the conquistador, Hernan Cortes, attacking the Aztec Empire in 1519, taking their capital of Tenochtitlan in 1521. Columbuss discovery opened a floodgate of Spanish exploration. They explored the coasts of Africa and brought back gold and slaves. . The increased flow of silver altered the worldwide global trading both socially and economically. There were new places to explore, room to spread out, and cultures and economies to discover and even control. They had many tools that helped them navigate through the Atlantic Ocean. The Spaniards moved north, too. What is the effect of Spanish and Portuguese Exploration? The Europeans enslaved the Native Americans and took most of them back to Europe. Without her, Corts would not have been able to communicate, and without the language bridge, he surely would have been less successful in destabilizing the Aztec Empire. Portuguese Exploration and Spanish Conquest, Religious Upheavals in the Developing Atlantic World, New Worlds in the Americas: Labor, Commerce, and the Columbian Exchange, Colonial Rivalries: Dutch and French Colonial Ambitions, The Glorious Revolution and the English Empire, An Empire of Slavery and the Consumer Revolution, Confronting the National Debt: The Aftermath of the French and Indian War, The Stamp Act and the Sons and Daughters of Liberty, The Destruction of the Tea and the Coercive Acts, Disaffection: The First Continental Congress and American Identity, Britains Law-and-Order Strategy and Its Consequences, Common Sense: From Monarchy to an American Republic, The Constitutional Convention and Federal Constitution, Competing Visions: Federalists and Democratic-Republicans, On the Move: The Transportation Revolution, A New Political Style: From John Quincy Adams to Andrew Jackson, The Nullification Crisis and the Bank War, Free Soil or Slave? The bullwhip effect is a term used in supply chain management to describe how minor changes in consumer demand at the retail level can cause significant demand fluctuations upstream toward raw material suppliers. The marriage of Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile in 1469 unified Catholic Spain and began the process of building a nation that could compete for worldwide power. Spain attracted innovative foreign painters such as El Greco, a Greek who had studied with Italian Renaissance masters like Titian and Michelangelo before moving to Toledo. 27 chapters | What was the success of Spain and Portugal? In 1488, Bartholomeu Dias managed to make his way around the Cape of Good Hope at the southern tip of Africa. The Portuguese also traded these slaves, introducing much-needed human capital to other European nations. Why did the authors of probanzas de mritos choose to write in the way that they did? The system also allowed them to protect their imports as they traveled back to Portugal. Probanzas de mritos featured glowing descriptions of lands of plenty. Henry the navigator was a mapmaker and helped build ships. Lutheranism History, Facts & Beliefs | What is Lutheranism? What impact did the Portuguese and Spanish explorers have on Europe? 1524. Portugal, the western-most European country, was one of the primary players in the European Age of Discovery and Exploration.

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